These two briefs are part of a series of issue briefs commissioned by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Forward Promise Initiative.

• Early Childhood Expulsions and Suspensions Undermine Our Nation’s Most Promising Agent of Opportunity and Social Justice- September 2016 Issue Brief by Walter Gilliam, PhD
  Presents the latest information regarding early childhood expulsions and suspensions, with a focus on gender and race disparities. Looks at how these disparities violate the civil rights of many young children of color in the U.S. and contribute to the nation’s costly achievement gap.
• Unequal Access: Barriers to Early Childhood Education for Boys of Color –August 2016 Issue Brief by Child Care Aware
  Discusses barriers to accessing quality early childhood education for boys of color (high costs; insufficient availability of free or subsidized programs; and implicit biases, which consistently send boys of color negative messages about their behavior, identity, and future) and discusses possible solutions to these issues.